{ "generatedAt": "2026-07-03T06:23:20.432Z", "license": "Metadata provided for knowledge reference; individual scale rights remain with their owners.", "count": 55, "data": [ { "slug": "gad-7", "nameCn": "广泛性焦虑障碍量表", "nameEn": "Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7", "abbreviation": "GAD-7", "category": [ "anxiety" ], "scaleType": "self-report", "usageType": [ "screening", "assessment", "follow-up", "research", "education" ], "population": [ "成人", "部分青少年场景需专业判断" ], "itemCount": 7, "dimensions": [ "紧张不安", "难以控制担忧", "过度担忧", "难以放松", "坐立不安", "易激惹", "害怕不祥事情发生" ], "licenseStatus": "public-domain-or-open", "evidenceLevel": "official-source", "summary": "GAD-7 是回顾过去两周焦虑相关症状的 7 项自评工具。本页说明测量结构、分数解释、适用边界、中文版研究、与其他量表的区别及开放使用状态。", "conclusion": "GAD-7 适合筛查和监测焦虑相关症状负担，但不能独立诊断广泛性焦虑障碍，也不能区分焦虑的具体病因或类型。", "updatedAt": "2026-07-03T00:00:00.000Z", "lastReviewed": "2026-07-03T00:00:00.000Z", "url": "https://www.aixinyun.com/scales/gad-7" }, { "slug": "sas", "nameCn": "焦虑自评量表", "nameEn": "Self-Rating Anxiety Scale", "abbreviation": "SAS", "category": [ "anxiety" ], "scaleType": "self-report", "usageType": [ "screening", "assessment", "follow-up", "research", "education" ], "population": [ "成人" ], "itemCount": 20, "dimensions": [ "情感与认知性焦虑", "自主神经症状", "运动性紧张", "睡眠与躯体体验" ], "licenseStatus": "licensed-required", "evidenceLevel": "peer-reviewed", "summary": "Zung SAS 是回顾近期心理和躯体焦虑体验的 20 项自评工具。本页说明内容结构、原始分与指数分混淆、身体因素、中文版使用和版权核验。", "conclusion": "SAS 可辅助形成心理与躯体焦虑症状画像，但不能独立诊断焦虑障碍；原始分、指数分、版本和常模必须明确区分。", "updatedAt": "2026-07-03T00:00:00.000Z", "lastReviewed": "2026-07-03T00:00:00.000Z", "url": "https://www.aixinyun.com/scales/sas" }, { "slug": "sds", "nameCn": "抑郁自评量表", "nameEn": "Self-Rating Depression Scale", "abbreviation": "SDS", "category": [ "depression" ], "scaleType": "self-report", "usageType": [ "screening", "assessment", "follow-up", "research", "education" ], "population": [ "成人" ], "itemCount": 20, "dimensions": [ "情感体验", "躯体症状", "心理活动", "精神运动与功能" ], "licenseStatus": "unknown-needs-review", "evidenceLevel": "peer-reviewed", "summary": "Zung SDS 是 20 项经典抑郁症状自评工具。本页说明内容结构、原始分与指数/标准分、躯体症状、安全边界、中文版人群差异及版权核验。", "conclusion": "SDS 可辅助了解抑郁相关主观症状，但不能独立诊断；必须说明版本、分数类型、常模来源，并对安全相关回答单独响应。", "updatedAt": "2026-07-03T00:00:00.000Z", "lastReviewed": "2026-07-03T00:00:00.000Z", "url": "https://www.aixinyun.com/scales/sds" }, { "slug": "phq-9", "nameCn": "患者健康问卷抑郁筛查量表", "nameEn": "Patient Health Questionnaire-9", "abbreviation": "PHQ-9", "category": [ "depression" ], "scaleType": "self-report", "usageType": [ "screening", "assessment", "follow-up", "research", "education" ], "population": [ "成人", "孕产期人群可在规范流程中使用", "青少年需采用适龄版本并由专业人员解释" ], "itemCount": 9, "dimensions": [ "兴趣或愉悦感", "情绪", "睡眠", "精力", "食欲", "自我评价", "注意", "精神运动变化", "死亡或自伤想法" ], "licenseStatus": "public-domain-or-open", "evidenceLevel": "official-source", "summary": "PHQ-9 是回顾过去两周抑郁相关症状的 9 项自评工具。本页说明测量内容、分数解释、第 9 项安全响应、中文版研究、适用边界及开放使用状态。", "conclusion": "PHQ-9 适合抑郁相关症状筛查和变化监测，但总分不能独立诊断抑郁障碍；第 9 项任何非零回答均需及时开展进一步安全评估。", "updatedAt": "2026-07-03T00:00:00.000Z", "lastReviewed": "2026-07-03T00:00:00.000Z", "url": "https://www.aixinyun.com/scales/phq-9" }, { "slug": "scl-90", "nameCn": "90项症状清单", "nameEn": "Symptom Checklist-90", "abbreviation": "SCL-90", "category": [ "comprehensive" ], "scaleType": "self-report", "usageType": [ "screening", "assessment", "follow-up", "research", "education" ], "population": [ "成人", "需结合场景判断" ], "itemCount": 90, "dimensions": [ "躯体化", "强迫症状", "人际敏感", "抑郁", "焦虑", "敌对", "恐怖", "偏执", "精神病性" ], "licenseStatus": "licensed-required", "evidenceLevel": "official-source", "summary": "SCL-90/SCL-90-R 是覆盖 9 个症状维度的综合自评工具。本页说明版本区别、维度含义、全局指标、中国常模变化、专业使用和授权边界。", "conclusion": "SCL-90 可形成广泛的主观症状画像，但维度不等于诊断；版本、常模和授权必须明确，不能用因子分数自动判定精神障碍。", "updatedAt": "2026-07-03T00:00:00.000Z", "lastReviewed": "2026-07-03T00:00:00.000Z", "url": "https://www.aixinyun.com/scales/scl-90" }, { "slug": "psqi", "nameCn": "匹兹堡睡眠质量指数", "nameEn": "Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index", "abbreviation": "PSQI", "category": [ "sleep" ], "scaleType": "self-report", "usageType": [ "screening", "assessment", "follow-up", "research", "education" ], "population": [ "成人为主" ], "itemCount": 19, "dimensions": [ "主观睡眠质量", "入睡时间", "睡眠时长", "睡眠效率", "睡眠干扰", "催眠药物使用", "日间功能" ], "licenseStatus": "licensed-required", "evidenceLevel": "official-source", "summary": "PSQI 是回顾过去一个月主观睡眠质量的成人自评工具。本页说明 7 个组成维度、适用边界、与 ISI/ESS/睡眠日志/多导睡眠监测的区别，以及版权授权和中文版证据。", "conclusion": "PSQI 适合形成过去一个月睡眠质量的综合画像；它不是失眠、睡眠呼吸暂停或其他睡眠障碍的独立诊断工具。", "updatedAt": "2026-07-03T00:00:00.000Z", "lastReviewed": "2026-07-03T00:00:00.000Z", "url": "https://www.aixinyun.com/scales/psqi" }, { "slug": "phq-2", "nameCn": "两项患者健康问卷", "nameEn": "Patient Health Questionnaire-2", "abbreviation": "PHQ-2", "category": [ "depression" ], "scaleType": "self-report", "usageType": [ "screening", "research", "education" ], "population": [ "成人", "具体人群需参考对应验证研究" ], "itemCount": 2, "dimensions": [ "抑郁情绪", "兴趣或愉悦感减退" ], "licenseStatus": "public-domain-or-open", "evidenceLevel": "official-source", "summary": "PHQ-2 回顾过去两周的抑郁情绪和兴趣减退，是低负担的第一阶段筛查入口。本页说明阈值取舍、阴性结果边界、与 PHQ-9 的衔接及开放使用状态。", "conclusion": "PHQ-2 适合低负担初筛，但信息有限；阳性结果需要 PHQ-9、访谈或其他评估继续确认。", "updatedAt": "2026-07-03T00:00:00.000Z", "lastReviewed": "2026-07-03T00:00:00.000Z", "url": "https://www.aixinyun.com/scales/phq-2" }, { "slug": "16pf", "nameCn": "卡特尔十六种人格因素问卷", "nameEn": "Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire", "abbreviation": "16PF", "category": [ "personality" ], "scaleType": "self-report", "usageType": [ "assessment", "research", "education" ], "population": [ "成人及相应版本适用人群", "职业与临床应用需由合格人员实施" ], "itemCount": 185, "dimensions": [ "16 个主要人格因素", "五个全局因素", "作答风格指标" ], "licenseStatus": "licensed-required", "evidenceLevel": "official-source", "summary": "16PF 基于 Cattell 的特质研究，现行常见第五版通过 16 个主要因素和更高阶全局因素描述人格。16PF 是受版权和商标保护的专业产品，不能未经许可嵌入在线施测或计分系统。", "conclusion": "16PF 提供连续人格剖面，不是 16 种固定人格类型，也不能单独预测岗位成功、精神障碍或关系匹配。", "updatedAt": "2026-07-03T00:00:00.000Z", "lastReviewed": "2026-07-03T00:00:00.000Z", "url": "https://www.aixinyun.com/scales/16pf" }, { "slug": "asrm", "nameCn": "Altman 躁狂自评量表", "nameEn": "Altman Self-Rating Mania Scale", "abbreviation": "ASRM", "category": [ "bipolar" ], "scaleType": "self-report", "usageType": [ "screening", "assessment", "follow-up", "research", "education" ], "population": [ "成人", "主要用于可可靠自评的临床与研究人群" ], "itemCount": 5, "dimensions": [ "情绪升高", "自信", "睡眠需要", "言语", "活动" ], "licenseStatus": "public-description-only", "evidenceLevel": "peer-reviewed", "summary": "ASRM 是 5 项躁狂症状自评工具，适合低负担筛查和重复监测。它依赖本人病识感，不能完整覆盖易激惹、冲动、精神病性症状或功能风险。", "conclusion": "ASRM 可作为当前躁狂症状的快速入口，但不能替代 YMRS、诊断访谈和安全评估；明显少眠和行为失控即使总分不高也应及时处理。", "updatedAt": "2026-07-03T00:00:00.000Z", "lastReviewed": "2026-07-03T00:00:00.000Z", "url": "https://www.aixinyun.com/scales/asrm" }, { "slug": "bdi-ii", "nameCn": "贝克抑郁量表第二版", "nameEn": "Beck Depression Inventory-II", "abbreviation": "BDI-II", "category": [ "depression" ], "scaleType": "self-report", "usageType": [ "assessment", "follow-up", "research", "education" ], "population": [ "青少年与成人；具体年龄按正式版本手册" ], "itemCount": 21, "dimensions": [ "认知情感症状", "躯体症状", "抑郁严重度" ], "licenseStatus": "professional-use-only", "evidenceLevel": "official-source", "summary": "BDI-II 是 21 项受版权保护的抑郁症状严重度自评工具。本页只介绍用途、版本和专业边界，不公开完整题目或评分键。", "conclusion": "BDI-II 可辅助评估抑郁症状严重度和变化，但不能独立诊断；正式材料应从 Pearson 获取并满足相应专业资格要求。", "updatedAt": "2026-07-03T00:00:00.000Z", "lastReviewed": "2026-07-03T00:00:00.000Z", "url": "https://www.aixinyun.com/scales/bdi-ii" }, { "slug": "big-five-neo", "nameCn": "大五人格量表 / NEO 人格问卷", "nameEn": "Big Five Personality Model / NEO Personality Inventory", "abbreviation": "Big Five / NEO-PI-3 / NEO-FFI-3", "category": [ "personality" ], "scaleType": "self-report", "usageType": [ "assessment", "research", "education" ], "population": [ "成人与青少年", "具体年龄依所选量表版本而定" ], "itemCount": 240, "dimensions": [ "神经质", "外向性", "开放性", "宜人性", "尽责性" ], "licenseStatus": "licensed-required", "evidenceLevel": "official-source", "summary": "Big Five 是人格结构模型，不是唯一量表。NEO-PI-3 是由 PAR 分发的 240 项商业专业工具，评估五个领域与 30 个分面；NEO-FFI-3 为 60 项领域级版本。", "conclusion": "谈“大五测试”必须说明具体工具。五因素模型可由 NEO、BFI、IPIP、TIPI 等不同量表测量，但项目、许可、精度和常模不可互换。", "updatedAt": "2026-07-03T00:00:00.000Z", "lastReviewed": "2026-07-03T00:00:00.000Z", "url": "https://www.aixinyun.com/scales/big-five-neo" }, { "slug": "bsl-msi-bpd", "nameCn": "边缘型人格症状量表与 McLean 筛查工具", "nameEn": "Borderline Symptom List-23 / McLean Screening Instrument for BPD", "abbreviation": "BSL-23 / MSI-BPD", "category": [ "personality" ], "scaleType": "self-report", "usageType": [ "screening", "assessment", "follow-up", "research", "education" ], "population": [ "成人临床与研究人群", "青少年使用需由专业人员结合发展阶段判断" ], "itemCount": 23, "dimensions": [ "边缘型人格相关症状严重度", "边缘型人格障碍筛查线索", "自伤和安全信息需单独评估" ], "licenseStatus": "unknown-needs-review", "evidenceLevel": "peer-reviewed", "summary": "BSL-23 用于评估近期边缘型人格相关症状严重度和变化；MSI-BPD 是 10 项诊断风险筛查。二者目的、时间窗和分数不同，均不能单独确诊，也不能替代直接的自伤与自杀风险评估。", "conclusion": "相关结果必须以非污名化方式反馈，并通过专业访谈核对长期模式、创伤、情绪障碍、ADHD、物质使用和人际环境。", "updatedAt": "2026-07-03T00:00:00.000Z", "lastReviewed": "2026-07-03T00:00:00.000Z", "url": "https://www.aixinyun.com/scales/bsl-msi-bpd" }, { "slug": "bprs", "nameCn": "简明精神病评定量表", "nameEn": "Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale", "abbreviation": "BPRS", "category": [ "comprehensive" ], "scaleType": "clinician-rated", "usageType": [ "assessment", "follow-up", "research", "education" ], "population": [ "成人精神科临床人群", "儿童版本需单独选择" ], "itemCount": 18, "dimensions": [ "阳性症状", "阴性症状", "情感症状", "激活/兴奋", "思维紊乱" ], "licenseStatus": "professional-use-only", "evidenceLevel": "peer-reviewed", "summary": "BPRS 是用于临床人员综合评定精神症状严重度和变化的经典工具。历史上存在 16、18、20 与 24 项等版本，条目数、锚点和总分范围不能混用。", "conclusion": "BPRS 的核心价值是结构化专业观察与访谈，不是公众自测或单独诊断。版本、访谈手册和评定者一致性决定结果能否比较。", "updatedAt": "2026-07-03T00:00:00.000Z", "lastReviewed": "2026-07-03T00:00:00.000Z", "url": "https://www.aixinyun.com/scales/bprs" }, { "slug": "ces-d", "nameCn": "流调中心用抑郁量表", "nameEn": "Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale", "abbreviation": "CES-D", "category": [ "depression" ], "scaleType": "self-report", "usageType": [ "screening", "assessment", "research", "education" ], "population": [ "一般成人群体", "特定年龄和临床人群需对应验证" ], "itemCount": 20, "dimensions": [ "抑郁情感", "躯体与活动迟滞", "人际困扰", "积极情感" ], "licenseStatus": "public-domain-or-open", "evidenceLevel": "official-source", "summary": "CES-D 是面向一般人群研究的 20 项抑郁症状自评工具。本页说明过去一周回顾、四类内容、筛查边界、中文版结构差异和 public domain 状态。", "conclusion": "CES-D 适合描述一般人群近期抑郁症状频率，不用于独立诊断；界值、短版和中文版不能脱离样本证据互换。", "updatedAt": "2026-07-03T00:00:00.000Z", "lastReviewed": "2026-07-03T00:00:00.000Z", "url": "https://www.aixinyun.com/scales/ces-d" }, { "slug": "cgi", "nameCn": "临床总体印象量表", "nameEn": "Clinical Global Impressions Scale", "abbreviation": "CGI", "category": [ "comprehensive" ], "scaleType": "clinician-rated", "usageType": [ "assessment", "follow-up", "research", "education" ], "population": [ "成人及临床研究人群", "需由熟悉患者与疾病的专业评定者使用" ], "itemCount": 3, "dimensions": [ "疾病严重度 CGI-S", "总体改善 CGI-I", "疗效指数 CGI-E" ], "licenseStatus": "professional-use-only", "evidenceLevel": "professional-consensus", "summary": "CGI 用极少量总体判断概括当前疾病严重度、相对基线的改善和治疗效果/不良反应权衡。它高效但依赖评定者经验，必须明确参照疾病、时间点和信息来源。", "conclusion": "CGI 适合为详细量表和临床信息提供总体锚点，不适合替代症状清单、功能评估或安全评估。", "updatedAt": "2026-07-03T00:00:00.000Z", "lastReviewed": "2026-07-03T00:00:00.000Z", "url": "https://www.aixinyun.com/scales/cgi" }, { "slug": "ders", "nameCn": "情绪调节困难量表", "nameEn": "Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale", "abbreviation": "DERS", "category": [ "emotion" ], "scaleType": "self-report", "usageType": [ "assessment", "follow-up", "research", "education" ], "population": [ "成人", "青少年应核对年龄适用版本与验证证据" ], "itemCount": 36, "dimensions": [ "不接纳情绪", "目标导向困难", "冲动控制困难", "情绪觉察不足", "策略有限", "情绪清晰度不足" ], "licenseStatus": "unknown-needs-review", "evidenceLevel": "peer-reviewed", "summary": "DERS 从六个方面评估个体在负性情绪下的调节困难。原版为 36 项，另有 DERS-16、DERS-SF、DERS-18 等短版；这些版本的结构和计分不能混用。", "conclusion": "DERS 描述的是主观情绪调节困难，不是情绪稳定性、人格障碍或自伤风险诊断。结果应转化为具体功能和技能访谈，而不是贴标签。", "updatedAt": "2026-07-03T00:00:00.000Z", "lastReviewed": "2026-07-03T00:00:00.000Z", "url": "https://www.aixinyun.com/scales/ders" }, { "slug": "epds", "nameCn": "爱丁堡产后抑郁量表", "nameEn": "Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale", "abbreviation": "EPDS", "category": [ "depression" ], "scaleType": "self-report", "usageType": [ "screening", "assessment", "follow-up", "research", "education" ], "population": [ "孕期和产后人群", "父亲/伴侣使用需对应验证版本" ], "itemCount": 10, "dimensions": [ "围产期抑郁与焦虑相关症状", "快感缺失", "自责", "安全相关想法" ], "licenseStatus": "unknown-needs-review", "evidenceLevel": "peer-reviewed", "summary": "EPDS 是围产期常用的 10 项抑郁症状筛查工具。本页说明孕期/产后边界、安全项目、中文版研究、父亲版本与转介流程。", "conclusion": "EPDS 适合围产期筛查，但不能独立诊断；安全相关回答需即时响应，筛查必须与评估、治疗和随访系统配套。", "updatedAt": "2026-07-03T00:00:00.000Z", "lastReviewed": "2026-07-03T00:00:00.000Z", "url": "https://www.aixinyun.com/scales/epds" }, { "slug": "fss", "nameCn": "疲劳严重程度量表", "nameEn": "Fatigue Severity Scale", "abbreviation": "FSS", "category": [ "fatigue" ], "scaleType": "self-report", "usageType": [ "assessment", "follow-up", "research", "education" ], "population": [ "成人", "最初用于多发性硬化和系统性红斑狼疮相关研究" ], "itemCount": 9, "dimensions": [ "疲劳严重度及其对功能的影响" ], "licenseStatus": "unknown-needs-review", "evidenceLevel": "peer-reviewed", "summary": "FSS 是 9 项单维度疲劳工具，关注疲劳严重度及其对活动和功能的影响。本页说明疲劳与嗜睡/无力的区别、慢病证据、计分报告及版权核验。", "conclusion": "FSS 可量化疲劳对功能的影响，但不能确定疲劳病因；突然、进行性或伴神经系统/全身症状的疲劳需要医学评估。", "updatedAt": "2026-07-03T00:00:00.000Z", "lastReviewed": "2026-07-03T00:00:00.000Z", "url": "https://www.aixinyun.com/scales/fss" }, { "slug": "epq", "nameCn": "艾森克人格问卷", "nameEn": "Eysenck Personality Questionnaire", "abbreviation": "EPQ / EPQ-R", "category": [ "personality" ], "scaleType": "self-report", "usageType": [ "assessment", "research", "education" ], "population": [ "成人", "儿童与青少年应使用匹配版本和常模" ], "itemCount": 90, "dimensions": [ "外向性 E", "神经质 N", "精神质 P", "掩饰/社会赞许 L" ], "licenseStatus": "unknown-needs-review", "evidenceLevel": "peer-reviewed", "summary": "EPQ 基于艾森克人格理论，评估外向性、神经质、精神质及掩饰/社会赞许相关维度。原版、修订版和多种短版项目数不同，尤其不能把“精神质”误解为精神病诊断。", "conclusion": "EPQ 描述连续人格特质，不给人贴疾病或道德标签。正式使用必须明确版本、年龄、语言、常模和版权来源。", "updatedAt": "2026-07-03T00:00:00.000Z", "lastReviewed": "2026-07-03T00:00:00.000Z", "url": "https://www.aixinyun.com/scales/epq" }, { "slug": "ess", "nameCn": "Epworth 嗜睡量表", "nameEn": "Epworth Sleepiness Scale", "abbreviation": "ESS", "category": [ "sleep" ], "scaleType": "self-report", "usageType": [ "screening", "assessment", "follow-up", "research", "education" ], "population": [ "成人标准版", "儿童青少年应使用适龄版本并核验授权" ], "itemCount": 8, "dimensions": [ "日常情境中的平均入睡倾向" ], "licenseStatus": "licensed-required", "evidenceLevel": "official-source", "summary": "ESS 评估成人在多种日常情境中打瞌睡或入睡的通常倾向。本页说明嗜睡与疲劳的区别、驾驶安全、OSA 边界、中文版研究和许可要求。", "conclusion": "ESS 描述一般日间入睡倾向，不诊断睡眠呼吸暂停或发作性睡病，也不能单独预测某一时刻的驾驶事故风险。", "updatedAt": "2026-07-03T00:00:00.000Z", "lastReviewed": "2026-07-03T00:00:00.000Z", "url": "https://www.aixinyun.com/scales/ess" }, { "slug": "fosq", "nameCn": "功能性睡眠结果问卷", "nameEn": "Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire", "abbreviation": "FOSQ", "category": [ "sleep" ], "scaleType": "self-report", "usageType": [ "assessment", "follow-up", "research", "education" ], "population": [ "成人", "特定人群需使用经验证版本" ], "itemCount": 30, "dimensions": [ "活动水平", "警觉性", "亲密与性关系", "一般生产力", "社会结果" ], "licenseStatus": "licensed-required", "evidenceLevel": "official-source", "summary": "FOSQ 评估过度嗜睡对日常活动和功能的影响，而不是睡眠质量本身。本页说明 5 个功能维度、FOSQ-10、中文版孕妇证据及版权。", "conclusion": "FOSQ 适合描述睡眠相关嗜睡造成的功能影响，但不能诊断嗜睡病因；完整版和 FOSQ-10 不能随意互换。", "updatedAt": "2026-07-03T00:00:00.000Z", "lastReviewed": "2026-07-03T00:00:00.000Z", "url": "https://www.aixinyun.com/scales/fosq" }, { "slug": "ghq", "nameCn": "一般健康问卷", "nameEn": "General Health Questionnaire", "abbreviation": "GHQ-12 / GHQ-28", "category": [ "comprehensive" ], "scaleType": "self-report", "usageType": [ "screening", "research", "education" ], "population": [ "青少年与成人", "一般人群及非精神科医疗场景" ], "itemCount": 12, "dimensions": [ "总体心理困扰", "GHQ-28 可形成躯体、焦虑/失眠、社会功能、严重抑郁分量表" ], "licenseStatus": "licensed-required", "evidenceLevel": "official-source", "summary": "GHQ 是识别近期非精神病性心理困扰与日常功能变化的筛查工具家族，包括 12、28、30 和 60 项版本。GHQ-12 与 GHQ-28 的结构和计分不可混用，正式使用需按 GL Assessment 要求取得材料与许可。", "conclusion": "GHQ 关注相对个人平常状态的新近变化，适合一般人群和非精神科医疗场景初筛；它不是具体疾病诊断，也不擅长识别长期稳定问题。", "updatedAt": "2026-07-03T00:00:00.000Z", "lastReviewed": "2026-07-03T00:00:00.000Z", "url": "https://www.aixinyun.com/scales/ghq" }, { "slug": "hads", "nameCn": "医院焦虑抑郁量表", "nameEn": "Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale", "abbreviation": "HADS", "category": [ "comprehensive", "anxiety", "depression" ], "scaleType": "self-report", "usageType": [ "screening", "assessment", "follow-up", "research", "education" ], "population": [ "16 岁以上成人", "综合医院、康复和慢病场景" ], "itemCount": 14, "dimensions": [ "焦虑 HADS-A", "抑郁 HADS-D" ], "licenseStatus": "licensed-required", "evidenceLevel": "official-source", "summary": "HADS 是为非精神科医疗环境开发的 14 项自评工具，通过减少明显躯体症状内容，分别筛查焦虑和抑郁体验。它不等于医学患者专用诊断，也不覆盖自杀风险。", "conclusion": "HADS 适合身体疾病可能干扰症状解释的场景，但两分量表和总分的结构仍需按人群证据解释；正式使用需联系许可渠道。", "updatedAt": "2026-07-03T00:00:00.000Z", "lastReviewed": "2026-07-03T00:00:00.000Z", "url": "https://www.aixinyun.com/scales/hads" }, { "slug": "hama", "nameCn": "汉密尔顿焦虑量表", "nameEn": "Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale", "abbreviation": "HAMA / HAM-A / HARS", "category": [ "anxiety" ], "scaleType": "clinician-rated", "usageType": [ "assessment", "follow-up", "research", "education" ], "population": [ "成人临床人群", "需由受训评定者结合访谈使用" ], "itemCount": 14, "dimensions": [ "精神性焦虑", "躯体性焦虑" ], "licenseStatus": "unknown-needs-review", "evidenceLevel": "peer-reviewed", "summary": "HAMA 是经典的临床他评焦虑严重度工具，兼顾精神性与躯体性表现。它适合描述症状负担和随访变化，但不是自助筛查题库，也不能仅凭总分诊断焦虑障碍。", "conclusion": "HAMA 的价值在于结构化临床评定；结果高度依赖访谈质量、评定者训练、版本和躯体疾病背景，不能脱离临床信息单独解释。", "updatedAt": "2026-07-03T00:00:00.000Z", "lastReviewed": "2026-07-03T00:00:00.000Z", "url": "https://www.aixinyun.com/scales/hama" }, { "slug": "hamd", "nameCn": "汉密尔顿抑郁评定量表", "nameEn": "Hamilton Depression Rating Scale", "abbreviation": "HAMD / HDRS", "category": [ "depression" ], "scaleType": "clinician-rated", "usageType": [ "assessment", "follow-up", "research", "education" ], "population": [ "已进入专业评估的成人抑郁患者" ], "itemCount": 17, "dimensions": [ "抑郁心境", "认知与安全", "失眠", "焦虑", "躯体症状", "精神运动变化" ], "licenseStatus": "licensed-required", "evidenceLevel": "official-source", "summary": "HAMD/HDRS 是临床人员评定的抑郁严重度工具。本页说明 17/21/24 项版本差异、访谈培训、躯体项目偏重、中文版信效度及衍生版版权。", "conclusion": "HAMD 依赖训练有素的评定者和明确版本，适合严重度与治疗变化评定，不是自测表，也不用于独立建立抑郁诊断。", "updatedAt": "2026-07-03T00:00:00.000Z", "lastReviewed": "2026-07-03T00:00:00.000Z", "url": "https://www.aixinyun.com/scales/hamd" }, { "slug": "gad-2", "nameCn": "两项广泛性焦虑障碍量表", "nameEn": "Generalized Anxiety Disorder-2", "abbreviation": "GAD-2", "category": [ "anxiety" ], "scaleType": "self-report", "usageType": [ "screening", "research", "education" ], "population": [ "成人", "特殊人群需对应验证证据" ], "itemCount": 2, "dimensions": [ "紧张不安", "难以控制担忧" ], "licenseStatus": "public-domain-or-open", "evidenceLevel": "official-source", "summary": "GAD-2 由 GAD-7 的两个核心项目组成，是低负担焦虑初筛入口。本页说明两阶段流程、阈值取舍、阴性结果边界和 public domain 状态。", "conclusion": "GAD-2 适合快速初筛，不适合独立诊断或细分焦虑障碍；阳性结果需要 GAD-7、访谈或其他评估继续确认。", "updatedAt": "2026-07-03T00:00:00.000Z", "lastReviewed": "2026-07-03T00:00:00.000Z", "url": "https://www.aixinyun.com/scales/gad-2" }, { "slug": "lsas", "nameCn": "Liebowitz 社交焦虑量表", "nameEn": "Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale", "abbreviation": "LSAS", "category": [ "anxiety" ], "scaleType": "mixed", "usageType": [ "assessment", "follow-up", "research", "education" ], "population": [ "成人", "儿童青少年应使用并验证相应 LSAS-CA 版本" ], "itemCount": 24, "dimensions": [ "社交互动恐惧", "表现情境恐惧", "社交互动回避", "表现情境回避" ], "licenseStatus": "unknown-needs-review", "evidenceLevel": "peer-reviewed", "summary": "LSAS 围绕 24 类社交互动和表现情境，分别评估恐惧与回避。原始工具是临床评定量表，后来形成自评版；两种形式不能在报告中含混处理。", "conclusion": "LSAS 能较细致地呈现社交情境中的恐惧和回避模式，但不能单独诊断社交焦虑障碍，也不能把文化性克制、内向或现实回避原因视为病理。", "updatedAt": "2026-07-03T00:00:00.000Z", "lastReviewed": "2026-07-03T00:00:00.000Z", "url": "https://www.aixinyun.com/scales/lsas" }, { "slug": "mdq", "nameCn": "心境障碍问卷", "nameEn": "Mood Disorder Questionnaire", "abbreviation": "MDQ", "category": [ "bipolar" ], "scaleType": "self-report", "usageType": [ "screening", "research", "education" ], "population": [ "成人", "青少年应使用并验证 MDQ-A 等相应版本" ], "itemCount": 15, "dimensions": [ "躁狂/轻躁狂相关经历", "症状是否同期出现", "功能影响" ], "licenseStatus": "licensed-required", "evidenceLevel": "official-source", "summary": "MDQ 是双相障碍风险筛查工具，除回顾躁狂/轻躁狂相关经历外，还询问症状是否在同一时期出现以及造成何种功能影响。它不能用于诊断或排除双相障碍。", "conclusion": "MDQ 阳性意味着需要进一步核对发作性、持续时间、功能变化、药物或物质因素及抑郁史；阴性也不能排除双相 II 型或回忆不足造成的漏检。", "updatedAt": "2026-07-03T00:00:00.000Z", "lastReviewed": "2026-07-03T00:00:00.000Z", "url": "https://www.aixinyun.com/scales/mdq" }, { "slug": "k6-k10", "nameCn": "Kessler 心理困扰量表", "nameEn": "Kessler Psychological Distress Scale", "abbreviation": "K6 / K10", "category": [ "comprehensive" ], "scaleType": "self-report", "usageType": [ "screening", "assessment", "research", "education" ], "population": [ "成人一般人群", "特定年龄和临床人群需核对验证证据" ], "itemCount": 10, "dimensions": [ "非特异性心理困扰" ], "licenseStatus": "public-domain-or-open", "evidenceLevel": "official-source", "summary": "K6 和 K10 是用于人群调查和服务筛查的非特异性心理困扰工具。K6 是 K10 的 6 项截短形式。作者官方页面允许免费使用且无需正式许可，但要求保留版权说明并引用指定论文。", "conclusion": "K6/K10 适合量化近期总体心理困扰并识别需要进一步评估的人群，不提供具体诊断。版本、回顾周期和计分起点必须写清。", "updatedAt": "2026-07-03T00:00:00.000Z", "lastReviewed": "2026-07-03T00:00:00.000Z", "url": "https://www.aixinyun.com/scales/k6-k10" }, { "slug": "isi", "nameCn": "失眠严重程度指数", "nameEn": "Insomnia Severity Index", "abbreviation": "ISI", "category": [ "sleep" ], "scaleType": "self-report", "usageType": [ "screening", "assessment", "follow-up", "research", "education" ], "population": [ "成人为主", "特殊年龄与临床人群需核验版本证据" ], "itemCount": 7, "dimensions": [ "入睡困难", "睡眠维持困难", "早醒", "睡眠满意度", "日间功能影响", "问题可察觉程度", "担忧或痛苦" ], "licenseStatus": "licensed-required", "evidenceLevel": "official-source", "summary": "ISI 是聚焦失眠症状严重度及其日间影响的 7 项自评工具。本页说明测量结构、回顾窗口、分数边界、与 PSQI/睡眠日志的区别及授权渠道。", "conclusion": "ISI 适合描述失眠症状严重度和监测变化，但不能独立诊断失眠障碍，也不能识别睡眠呼吸暂停等其他病因。", "updatedAt": "2026-07-03T00:00:00.000Z", "lastReviewed": "2026-07-03T00:00:00.000Z", "url": "https://www.aixinyun.com/scales/isi" }, { "slug": "meq", "nameCn": "清晨-夜晚型问卷", "nameEn": "Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire", "abbreviation": "MEQ", "category": [ "sleep" ], "scaleType": "self-report", "usageType": [ "assessment", "research", "education" ], "population": [ "成人", "青少年与轮班人群需核验适用版本" ], "itemCount": 19, "dimensions": [ "睡眠时相偏好", "最佳活动与警觉时间偏好" ], "licenseStatus": "licensed-required", "evidenceLevel": "peer-reviewed", "summary": "MEQ 用于描述清晨型、夜晚型及中间型等昼夜偏好。本页说明睡眠时型不等于睡眠疾病、年龄与轮班影响、中文版界值及非营利用途条件。", "conclusion": "MEQ 描述主观昼夜偏好，不是睡眠质量量表，也不能单独诊断昼夜节律睡眠-觉醒障碍。", "updatedAt": "2026-07-03T00:00:00.000Z", "lastReviewed": "2026-07-03T00:00:00.000Z", "url": "https://www.aixinyun.com/scales/meq" }, { "slug": "mfi", "nameCn": "多维疲劳量表", "nameEn": "Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory", "abbreviation": "MFI-20", "category": [ "fatigue" ], "scaleType": "self-report", "usageType": [ "assessment", "follow-up", "research", "education" ], "population": [ "成人", "一般人群和多种临床人群需分别核验证据" ], "itemCount": 20, "dimensions": [ "一般疲劳", "身体疲劳", "活动减少", "动机降低", "心理疲劳" ], "licenseStatus": "licensed-required", "evidenceLevel": "official-source", "summary": "MFI-20 从一般、身体、心理、活动和动机五个维度描述疲劳。本页说明维度边界、因子结构争议、繁体中文版证据及学术/商业授权差异。", "conclusion": "MFI-20 适合形成多维疲劳画像，但五维结构并非在所有人群中稳定；分量表不能直接解释为具体病因或诊断。", "updatedAt": "2026-07-03T00:00:00.000Z", "lastReviewed": "2026-07-03T00:00:00.000Z", "url": "https://www.aixinyun.com/scales/mfi" }, { "slug": "panss", "nameCn": "阳性与阴性症状量表", "nameEn": "Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale", "abbreviation": "PANSS", "category": [ "comprehensive" ], "scaleType": "clinician-rated", "usageType": [ "assessment", "follow-up", "research", "education" ], "population": [ "精神分裂症谱系临床与研究人群", "需由受训专业评定者使用" ], "itemCount": 30, "dimensions": [ "阳性症状", "阴性症状", "一般精神病理" ], "licenseStatus": "licensed-required", "evidenceLevel": "official-source", "summary": "PANSS 是精神分裂症临床研究中常用的 30 项他评严重度工具，包括阳性、阴性和一般精神病理三部分。官方信息显示，自 2025 年 3 月起许可与分发请求由 Mapi Research Trust 管理。", "conclusion": "PANSS 适合受训评定者在结构化访谈和观察基础上量化症状与变化，不是公众自测、诊断算法或简单项目清单。", "updatedAt": "2026-07-03T00:00:00.000Z", "lastReviewed": "2026-07-03T00:00:00.000Z", "url": "https://www.aixinyun.com/scales/panss" }, { "slug": "madrs", "nameCn": "蒙哥马利-艾斯伯格抑郁评定量表", "nameEn": "Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale", "abbreviation": "MADRS", "category": [ "depression" ], "scaleType": "clinician-rated", "usageType": [ "assessment", "follow-up", "research", "education" ], "population": [ "已进入专业评估的成人抑郁患者" ], "itemCount": 10, "dimensions": [ "表观与主观悲伤", "内在紧张", "睡眠与食欲", "注意", "倦怠", "情感反应", "悲观", "自杀想法" ], "licenseStatus": "unknown-needs-review", "evidenceLevel": "peer-reviewed", "summary": "MADRS 是 10 项临床人员评定工具，最初强调对治疗变化的敏感性。本页说明专业访谈、与 HAMD 的区别、安全项目和版本授权核验。", "conclusion": "MADRS 适合专业临床研究中的严重度和变化评定，但不能独立诊断；评定者培训和安全响应不可省略。", "updatedAt": "2026-07-03T00:00:00.000Z", "lastReviewed": "2026-07-03T00:00:00.000Z", "url": "https://www.aixinyun.com/scales/madrs" }, { "slug": "mmpi-2", "nameCn": "明尼苏达多项人格测验第二版", "nameEn": "Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2", "abbreviation": "MMPI / MMPI-2", "category": [ "personality", "comprehensive" ], "scaleType": "self-report", "usageType": [ "assessment", "research", "education" ], "population": [ "18 岁及以上成人", "须由具备相应资格和训练的专业人员使用" ], "itemCount": 567, "dimensions": [ "效度指标", "临床量表", "重构临床量表", "内容与补充量表" ], "licenseStatus": "licensed-required", "evidenceLevel": "official-source", "summary": "MMPI-2 是高专业门槛的多量表心理评估工具，通过效度指标和多类临床、内容及补充量表形成剖面。Pearson 官方要求 C 级购买资格，并明确所有 MMPI-2 量表均受版权保护。", "conclusion": "MMPI-2 不能通过公开题库、自助计分或单个高分解释。有效使用依赖标准施测、效度判断、规范计分、专业访谈和场景相关证据。", "updatedAt": "2026-07-03T00:00:00.000Z", "lastReviewed": "2026-07-03T00:00:00.000Z", "url": "https://www.aixinyun.com/scales/mmpi-2" }, { "slug": "panas", "nameCn": "正性负性情绪量表", "nameEn": "Positive and Negative Affect Schedule", "abbreviation": "PANAS", "category": [ "emotion" ], "scaleType": "self-report", "usageType": [ "assessment", "follow-up", "research", "education" ], "population": [ "成人", "儿童版和短版需使用各自验证证据" ], "itemCount": 20, "dimensions": [ "正性情绪", "负性情绪" ], "licenseStatus": "licensed-required", "evidenceLevel": "official-source", "summary": "PANAS 用两个相对独立的分量表评估正性情绪和负性情绪。测量结果高度依赖指令中的时间窗，不能把两分量表相减后简单解释为总体幸福或心理健康。", "conclusion": "PANAS 适合情绪状态和变化研究，不诊断抑郁、焦虑或双相障碍。官方 ePROVIDE 页面标明 APA 版权并限制未经许可的修改、重录、翻译和复制。", "updatedAt": "2026-07-03T00:00:00.000Z", "lastReviewed": "2026-07-03T00:00:00.000Z", "url": "https://www.aixinyun.com/scales/panas" }, { "slug": "pdss", "nameCn": "惊恐障碍严重度量表", "nameEn": "Panic Disorder Severity Scale", "abbreviation": "PDSS", "category": [ "anxiety" ], "scaleType": "clinician-rated", "usageType": [ "assessment", "follow-up", "research", "education" ], "population": [ "成人惊恐障碍临床评估", "自评版 PDSS-SR 需单独识别" ], "itemCount": 7, "dimensions": [ "惊恐发作", "发作相关痛苦", "预期性焦虑", "回避", "工作与社会功能" ], "licenseStatus": "unknown-needs-review", "evidenceLevel": "peer-reviewed", "summary": "PDSS 是 7 项惊恐障碍严重度工具，原始版本由临床人员评定，覆盖发作、预期性焦虑、回避和功能损害。PDSS-SR 是单独的自评形式，不能与原版含混使用。", "conclusion": "PDSS 适合在已开展专业评估的前提下描述惊恐相关严重度和变化；胸痛、呼吸困难或晕厥等首次或异常发作应先排查急性医学问题。", "updatedAt": "2026-07-03T00:00:00.000Z", "lastReviewed": "2026-07-03T00:00:00.000Z", "url": "https://www.aixinyun.com/scales/pdss" }, { "slug": "pss", "nameCn": "知觉压力量表", "nameEn": "Perceived Stress Scale", "abbreviation": "PSS", "category": [ "stress" ], "scaleType": "self-report", "usageType": [ "assessment", "follow-up", "research", "education" ], "population": [ "具备相应阅读能力的青少年与成人", "具体年龄范围须按版本验证研究确定" ], "itemCount": 10, "dimensions": [ "不可预测感", "不可控制感", "负荷感", "部分研究区分知觉无助与自我效能" ], "licenseStatus": "licensed-required", "evidenceLevel": "official-source", "summary": "PSS 评估个体在近期多大程度上感到生活不可预测、不可控制或负担过重。PSS-14、PSS-10 和 PSS-4 是不同版本，不能混写；当前官方分发信息由 Mapi Research Trust 的 ePROVIDE 提供。", "conclusion": "PSS 测的是主观压力评价，不是压力事件数量，也不是焦虑、抑郁或职业倦怠诊断。选版、译本、计分和授权均应在实施前固定。", "updatedAt": "2026-07-03T00:00:00.000Z", "lastReviewed": "2026-07-03T00:00:00.000Z", "url": "https://www.aixinyun.com/scales/pss" }, { "slug": "sads", "nameCn": "社交回避及苦恼量表", "nameEn": "Social Avoidance and Distress Scale", "abbreviation": "SADS / SAD", "category": [ "anxiety" ], "scaleType": "self-report", "usageType": [ "assessment", "research", "education" ], "population": [ "成人与大学生研究样本", "其他年龄和临床人群需核对验证证据" ], "itemCount": 28, "dimensions": [ "社交回避", "社交苦恼" ], "licenseStatus": "unknown-needs-review", "evidenceLevel": "peer-reviewed", "summary": "SADS 是 Watson 与 Friend 提出的社交评价焦虑工具之一，用于描述社交情境中的回避倾向和不适体验。它不是社交焦虑障碍诊断表，缩写 SAD 也容易与疾病名称或季节性情感障碍混淆。", "conclusion": "SADS 适合研究社交回避与苦恼构念，但不应把回避自动解释为精神障碍；文化、情境、人格、神经发育特征和现实安全因素均可能影响结果。", "updatedAt": "2026-07-03T00:00:00.000Z", "lastReviewed": "2026-07-03T00:00:00.000Z", "url": "https://www.aixinyun.com/scales/sads" }, { "slug": "shi", "nameCn": "睡眠卫生指数", "nameEn": "Sleep Hygiene Index", "abbreviation": "SHI", "category": [ "sleep" ], "scaleType": "self-report", "usageType": [ "assessment", "follow-up", "research", "education" ], "population": [ "成人及经验证的特定人群" ], "itemCount": 13, "dimensions": [ "不利睡眠行为", "不规律睡眠-觉醒安排", "睡眠环境与物质相关行为" ], "licenseStatus": "licensed-required", "evidenceLevel": "official-source", "summary": "SHI 评估与睡眠卫生相关的行为，而不是直接测量失眠或睡眠质量。本页说明行为解释、因果边界、中文版学生证据和 Springer 版权状态。", "conclusion": "SHI 可帮助发现可讨论的睡眠行为，但高分不证明行为是睡眠问题的唯一原因，也不能替代失眠或呼吸障碍评估。", "updatedAt": "2026-07-03T00:00:00.000Z", "lastReviewed": "2026-07-03T00:00:00.000Z", "url": "https://www.aixinyun.com/scales/shi" }, { "slug": "tipi", "nameCn": "十项目人格量表", "nameEn": "Ten-Item Personality Inventory", "abbreviation": "TIPI", "category": [ "personality" ], "scaleType": "self-report", "usageType": [ "assessment", "research", "education" ], "population": [ "成人与具备相应阅读能力的人群", "具体中文版本需核对验证样本" ], "itemCount": 10, "dimensions": [ "外向性", "宜人性", "尽责性", "情绪稳定性", "经验开放性" ], "licenseStatus": "public-domain-or-open", "evidenceLevel": "official-source", "summary": "TIPI 是仅 10 项的大五人格工具，每个维度由两项表示，适用于时间极其有限且人格不是主要研究主题的场景。开发者官网明确允许任何人用于任何目的，无需申请许可。", "conclusion": "TIPI 的优势是极短，代价是维度覆盖和内部一致性有限。它不适合高风险个体决策、精细反馈或用传统 alpha 标准简单否定。", "updatedAt": "2026-07-03T00:00:00.000Z", "lastReviewed": "2026-07-03T00:00:00.000Z", "url": "https://www.aixinyun.com/scales/tipi" }, { "slug": "tci", "nameCn": "气质与性格量表", "nameEn": "Temperament and Character Inventory", "abbreviation": "TCI / TCI-R", "category": [ "personality" ], "scaleType": "self-report", "usageType": [ "assessment", "research", "education" ], "population": [ "成人", "儿童青少年应使用 JTCI 等匹配版本" ], "itemCount": 240, "dimensions": [ "新奇寻求", "伤害回避", "奖赏依赖", "坚持性", "自我导向", "合作性", "自我超越" ], "licenseStatus": "unknown-needs-review", "evidenceLevel": "peer-reviewed", "summary": "TCI 基于 Cloninger 的心理生物学人格模型，将四个气质维度与三个性格维度结合。TCI、TCI-R、TCI-140 和 JTCI 是不同版本，不能混用项目、常模和解释。", "conclusion": "TCI 提供理论化人格剖面，不直接揭示神经递质水平、基因或人格障碍诊断。具体版本的权利信息应在正式使用前向发布方核验。", "updatedAt": "2026-07-03T00:00:00.000Z", "lastReviewed": "2026-07-03T00:00:00.000Z", "url": "https://www.aixinyun.com/scales/tci" }, { "slug": "spin", "nameCn": "社交恐惧量表", "nameEn": "Social Phobia Inventory", "abbreviation": "SPIN", "category": [ "anxiety" ], "scaleType": "self-report", "usageType": [ "screening", "assessment", "follow-up", "research", "education" ], "population": [ "成人", "部分研究支持 13 岁以上青少年，须使用匹配版本" ], "itemCount": 17, "dimensions": [ "恐惧", "回避", "生理不适" ], "licenseStatus": "licensed-required", "evidenceLevel": "peer-reviewed", "summary": "SPIN 是 17 项社交焦虑自评工具，覆盖恐惧、回避和生理不适。它可以辅助筛查和监测变化，但不是诊断；公开专业资料提示使用者联系版权持有人确认许可和费用。", "conclusion": "SPIN 的优势是短且覆盖三类表现；解释时仍需结合具体社交情境、功能损害和鉴别评估，并通过合法来源取得正式版本。", "updatedAt": "2026-07-03T00:00:00.000Z", "lastReviewed": "2026-07-03T00:00:00.000Z", "url": "https://www.aixinyun.com/scales/spin" }, { "slug": "stai", "nameCn": "状态-特质焦虑问卷", "nameEn": "State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Adults", "abbreviation": "STAI / STAI-AD", "category": [ "anxiety" ], "scaleType": "self-report", "usageType": [ "assessment", "follow-up", "research", "education" ], "population": [ "成人及 16 岁以上人群", "儿童版本需另行选择 STAIC" ], "itemCount": 40, "dimensions": [ "状态焦虑", "特质焦虑" ], "licenseStatus": "licensed-required", "evidenceLevel": "official-source", "summary": "STAI 用两个分量表区分当下或特定情境中的状态焦虑，与相对稳定的焦虑倾向。官方发布方 Mind Garden 将其作为受版权和商标保护的工具，并提供按数量购买的施测许可。", "conclusion": "STAI 适合回答“此刻有多焦虑”和“通常有多容易焦虑”这两个不同问题；它不是焦虑障碍诊断工具，正式施测与中文版使用应核对授权版本。", "updatedAt": "2026-07-03T00:00:00.000Z", "lastReviewed": "2026-07-03T00:00:00.000Z", "url": "https://www.aixinyun.com/scales/stai" }, { "slug": "ymrs", "nameCn": "杨氏躁狂评定量表", "nameEn": "Young Mania Rating Scale", "abbreviation": "YMRS", "category": [ "bipolar" ], "scaleType": "clinician-rated", "usageType": [ "assessment", "follow-up", "research", "education" ], "population": [ "成人躁狂发作临床人群", "儿童青少年版本和证据需单独核对" ], "itemCount": 11, "dimensions": [ "情绪与能量", "睡眠", "言语与思维", "易激惹与行为", "病识感" ], "licenseStatus": "licensed-required", "evidenceLevel": "official-source", "summary": "YMRS 是 11 项临床他评工具，用于评定当前躁狂症状严重度和变化。评分结合近期自述与访谈观察，部分项目权重较高，不能由未受训人员按简单清单完成。", "conclusion": "YMRS 适合专业严重度评定和随访，不是双相障碍筛查或诊断工具；总分还可能受精神病性症状、物质、睡眠和评定环境影响。", "updatedAt": "2026-07-03T00:00:00.000Z", "lastReviewed": "2026-07-03T00:00:00.000Z", "url": "https://www.aixinyun.com/scales/ymrs" }, { "slug": "holland-riasec", "nameCn": "霍兰德职业兴趣测验", "nameEn": "Holland Occupational Interest Assessment (RIASEC / Self-Directed Search)", "abbreviation": "RIASEC", "category": [ "career" ], "scaleType": "self-report", "usageType": [ "assessment", "education", "research" ], "population": [ "初中以上学生与成人", "生涯探索、志愿填报与职业转型场景" ], "dimensions": [ "现实型 R", "研究型 I", "艺术型 A", "社会型 S", "企业型 E", "常规型 C" ], "licenseStatus": "licensed-required", "evidenceLevel": "peer-reviewed", "summary": "霍兰德职业兴趣测验基于 RIASEC 六型理论，以兴趣剖面和两三码组合帮助个体探索职业方向。原版 SDS 版权归 PAR 公司；美国劳工部的 O*NET Interest Profiler 是免费开放的同模型工具；中文有龙立荣等修订版本。", "conclusion": "RIASEC 测评的正确用途是生成待验证的探索方向，不是给出职业答案：三码组合是对话的起点，测评结果不应直接决定志愿或职业选择，更不能用于招聘筛选。", "updatedAt": "2026-07-03T00:00:00.000Z", "lastReviewed": "2026-07-03T00:00:00.000Z", "url": "https://www.aixinyun.com/scales/holland-riasec" }, { "slug": "jss", "nameCn": "工作满意度调查", "nameEn": "Job Satisfaction Survey", "abbreviation": "JSS", "category": [ "occupational" ], "scaleType": "self-report", "usageType": [ "assessment", "research", "education" ], "population": [ "在职成人", "最初为人类服务组织开发，后扩展至各类行业" ], "itemCount": 36, "dimensions": [ "薪酬", "晋升", "上级", "福利", "绩效奖励", "程序规则", "同事", "工作本身", "沟通" ], "licenseStatus": "public-domain-or-open", "evidenceLevel": "peer-reviewed", "summary": "JSS 用 36 个项目、九个分面测量员工对工作各方面的态度评价，6 级同意度计分、约半数条目反向计分。作者明确允许非商业的教育与研究用途免费使用。", "conclusion": "JSS 的价值在分面剖面：它能把『满意度低』定位到薪酬、上级、沟通等具体领域，为组织改进提供路由。满意度是态度测量，不是心理健康筛查，也不是绩效替身。", "updatedAt": "2026-07-03T00:00:00.000Z", "lastReviewed": "2026-07-03T00:00:00.000Z", "url": "https://www.aixinyun.com/scales/jss" }, { "slug": "mbi", "nameCn": "Maslach 职业倦怠量表", "nameEn": "Maslach Burnout Inventory", "abbreviation": "MBI", "category": [ "occupational", "stress" ], "scaleType": "self-report", "usageType": [ "assessment", "follow-up", "research" ], "population": [ "在职成人", "按版本区分：人际服务、医护、教育、一般职业及学生群体" ], "itemCount": 22, "dimensions": [ "情绪耗竭", "去人格化 / 玩世不恭", "个人成就感 / 职业效能" ], "licenseStatus": "licensed-required", "evidenceLevel": "official-source", "summary": "MBI 是使用最广的职业倦怠测量工具，包含情绪耗竭、去人格化（玩世不恭）和个人成就感三个维度，有 HSS、HSS-MP、ES、GS 等版本。版权归 Mind Garden，施测需购买授权，且官方不支持用单一总分或划界分判定『是否倦怠』。", "conclusion": "MBI 适合精确刻画倦怠的三维剖面及其随时间的变化；它不是诊断工具，没有官方『倦怠线』，也不能未经授权复制使用。组织层面的倦怠数据应指向工作条件改进，而不是个体标签。", "updatedAt": "2026-07-03T00:00:00.000Z", "lastReviewed": "2026-07-03T00:00:00.000Z", "url": "https://www.aixinyun.com/scales/mbi" }, { "slug": "mspss", "nameCn": "领悟社会支持量表", "nameEn": "Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support", "abbreviation": "MSPSS", "category": [ "social" ], "scaleType": "self-report", "usageType": [ "assessment", "research", "education" ], "population": [ "青少年与成人", "已在学生、临床、围产期、慢病和职业人群中广泛应用" ], "itemCount": 12, "dimensions": [ "家人支持", "朋友支持", "重要他人支持" ], "licenseStatus": "public-domain-or-open", "evidenceLevel": "peer-reviewed", "summary": "MSPSS 用 12 个项目测量个体主观感受到的来自家人、朋友和重要他人三个来源的社会支持，7 级评分。它测的是『感受到的支持』而非实际获得的帮助，作者明确允许免费使用。", "conclusion": "MSPSS 适合快速了解支持系统的总量与结构：三个来源的剖面差异比总分更有干预价值。它不评估支持的客观数量，也不能替代对具体关系质量的了解。", "updatedAt": "2026-07-03T00:00:00.000Z", "lastReviewed": "2026-07-03T00:00:00.000Z", "url": "https://www.aixinyun.com/scales/mspss" }, { "slug": "naq-r", "nameCn": "负性行为问卷修订版", "nameEn": "Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised", "abbreviation": "NAQ-R", "category": [ "occupational" ], "scaleType": "self-report", "usageType": [ "assessment", "research" ], "population": [ "在职成人", "用于组织匿名风险普查与研究，不用于个案裁决" ], "itemCount": 22, "dimensions": [ "与工作相关的负性行为", "针对个人的负性行为", "胁迫恐吓类行为" ], "licenseStatus": "licensed-required", "evidenceLevel": "peer-reviewed", "summary": "NAQ-R 用 22 个行为化条目测量过去六个月内遭受职场负性行为的频率，全程不出现『欺凌』字眼。它是职场欺凌研究的标准暴露测量工具，使用需与卑尔根大学欺凌研究小组签署协议。", "conclusion": "NAQ-R 测量的是负性行为暴露的频率，适合组织匿名普查与研究；它不是欺凌事实的裁决工具，也不评估心理伤害程度——这两项分别属于组织调查程序和心理影响评估。", "updatedAt": "2026-07-03T00:00:00.000Z", "lastReviewed": "2026-07-03T00:00:00.000Z", "url": "https://www.aixinyun.com/scales/naq-r" }, { "slug": "ucla-loneliness", "nameCn": "UCLA 孤独感量表", "nameEn": "UCLA Loneliness Scale (Version 3)", "abbreviation": "UCLA-LS", "category": [ "social", "emotion" ], "scaleType": "self-report", "usageType": [ "assessment", "research", "education" ], "population": [ "青少年与成人", "老年与临床样本均有应用证据" ], "itemCount": 20, "dimensions": [ "主观孤独感（总体单维，含亲密、关系与集体连接相关线索）" ], "licenseStatus": "public-description-only", "evidenceLevel": "peer-reviewed", "summary": "UCLA 孤独感量表第 3 版用 20 个项目测量主观孤独感——个体期望的社会关系与实际之间的落差体验，总分 20–80。另有 ULS-8、ULS-6 和三项超短版；条目全程不出现『孤独』一词。", "conclusion": "UCLA-LS 测的是主观连接缺口，而非客观独处时间或社交数量：独居不等于孤独，社交频繁也不排除孤独。分数用于识别风险与追踪变化，没有诊断性质。", "updatedAt": "2026-07-03T00:00:00.000Z", "lastReviewed": "2026-07-03T00:00:00.000Z", "url": "https://www.aixinyun.com/scales/ucla-loneliness" }, { "slug": "uwes", "nameCn": "乌得勒支工作投入量表", "nameEn": "Utrecht Work Engagement Scale", "abbreviation": "UWES", "category": [ "occupational" ], "scaleType": "self-report", "usageType": [ "assessment", "follow-up", "research", "education" ], "population": [ "在职成人", "学生版（UWES-S）适用于在校学生" ], "itemCount": 9, "dimensions": [ "活力", "奉献", "专注" ], "licenseStatus": "public-domain-or-open", "evidenceLevel": "official-source", "summary": "UWES 测量工作投入——以活力、奉献和专注为特征的积极工作状态，有 17、9、3 项三个版本。官方手册允许非商业科学研究免费使用；UWES-9 在包括中文样本在内的多国验证中表现最稳健。", "conclusion": "UWES 适合组织追踪工作条件对投入的影响，是倦怠测量的正向补充。它是状态自评而非绩效指标：用投入分数考核个人，既误用了工具，也会立刻摧毁数据质量。", "updatedAt": "2026-07-03T00:00:00.000Z", "lastReviewed": "2026-07-03T00:00:00.000Z", "url": "https://www.aixinyun.com/scales/uwes" }, { "slug": "work-values", "nameCn": "职业价值观量表（工作价值观量表）", "nameEn": "Work Values Inventory / Super's Work Values Inventory-Revised", "abbreviation": "WVI", "category": [ "career" ], "scaleType": "self-report", "usageType": [ "assessment", "education", "research" ], "population": [ "高中以上学生与成人", "生涯规划、职业转型与组织匹配场景" ], "itemCount": 45, "dimensions": [ "成就", "利他", "审美", "创造", "智力激发", "独立性", "声望", "管理", "经济报酬", "安全稳定", "工作环境", "与上级关系", "与同事关系", "生活方式", "变化性（原版 15 维度举例）" ], "licenseStatus": "unknown-needs-review", "evidenceLevel": "peer-reviewed", "summary": "职业价值观量表源于 Super 的工作价值观理论，原版 WVI（1970）含 45 项 15 个价值维度，修订版 SWVI-r（Zytowski）为 72 项 12 维度并纳入 Kuder 生涯系统。中文领域存在多个修订与自编版本，使用前需核对版本与授权。", "conclusion": "价值观测评输出的是个体内部的优先级排序，不是与他人比较的分数：『成就排在稳定前面』有意义，『成就 75 分』没有。它帮助理解工作动机与组织匹配，不产生『适合什么职业』的答案。", "updatedAt": "2026-07-03T00:00:00.000Z", "lastReviewed": "2026-07-03T00:00:00.000Z", "url": "https://www.aixinyun.com/scales/work-values" }, { "slug": "who-5", "nameCn": "世界卫生组织五项身心健康指标", "nameEn": "The World Health Organization-Five Well-Being Index", "abbreviation": "WHO-5", "category": [ "wellbeing" ], "scaleType": "self-report", "usageType": [ "screening", "follow-up", "research", "education" ], "population": [ "成人", "青少年研究证据逐步累积", "9 岁以上人群曾有应用报告，未成年人使用应参考相应验证研究" ], "itemCount": 5, "dimensions": [ "愉悦与好心情", "平静与放松", "活力与精力", "睡醒后的清爽感", "日常生活的兴趣感" ], "licenseStatus": "public-domain-or-open", "evidenceLevel": "official-source", "summary": "WHO-5 是仅 5 项、全部正向措辞的主观幸福感自评工具，回顾过去两周。2024 年版权移交 WHO 并作为开放工具发布。百分制 ≤50 分常被用作提示进一步评估的划界分。", "conclusion": "WHO-5 适合作为低负担的幸福感监测与抑郁初筛入口：分数低提示需要进一步评估，但它不测具体症状，任何划界分都不构成诊断。", "updatedAt": "2026-07-03T00:00:00.000Z", "lastReviewed": "2026-07-03T00:00:00.000Z", "url": "https://www.aixinyun.com/scales/who-5" }, { "slug": "wsas", "nameCn": "工作与社会适应量表", "nameEn": "Work and Social Adjustment Scale", "abbreviation": "WSAS", "category": [ "functioning" ], "scaleType": "self-report", "usageType": [ "assessment", "follow-up", "research" ], "population": [ "存在心理健康问题的成人", "跨诊断使用：抑郁、焦虑、强迫、创伤后应激等均有应用证据" ], "itemCount": 5, "dimensions": [ "工作能力", "家务管理", "社交休闲活动", "私人休闲活动", "亲密关系维系" ], "licenseStatus": "public-description-only", "evidenceLevel": "peer-reviewed", "summary": "WSAS 用 5 个项目评估心理健康问题对工作、家务、社交、休闲和亲密关系五个功能域的损害程度，每项 0–8 计分，总分 0–40。它测量功能后果而非症状数量，可跨诊断使用。", "conclusion": "WSAS 回答的是『问题影响了生活多少』而不是『症状有多重』：症状缓解不等于功能恢复，两条线索都需要追踪。它是筛查和随访工具，不是失能鉴定或诊断依据。", "updatedAt": "2026-07-03T00:00:00.000Z", "lastReviewed": "2026-07-03T00:00:00.000Z", "url": "https://www.aixinyun.com/scales/wsas" } ] }